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Poverty Law Research

I. Introduction

This guide is designed to assist with research in the Georgetown University Law Library on poverty and related areas of legal scholarship, practice, and policymaking. It includes sections on family law, global poverty law, government benefits law, homelessness law, housing law, legal assistance to the poor, and Social Security law. Each section provides information on relevant books, journals, databases, electronic resources, organizations, and statistics where available.

When using this guide to research specific or discrete topics, it is important to explore the resources listed in all sections. The resources and organizations presented under each category will often address a variety of poverty-related topics, although their names may indicate a concentration in a single area.

Poverty law has been defined as "the legal statutes, regulations and cases that apply particularly to the financially poor in his or her day-to-day life."† Accordingly, the research of poverty law often draws upon materials across a wide range of legal topics and social science disciplines, including public benefits law, health care law, housing law, education law, elder law, family law, juvenile law, employment law, welfare law, and Social Security law. A broader list includes consumer law, immigration law, insurance law, domestic violence, child care, election reform, political science, economics, sociology, social policy, social work, and financial literacy of low-income people.

Given the interdisciplinary nature of research in the subject, poverty law researchers may also find the Law Library's Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Guide, Consumer Law and Policy Research Guide to be helpful.

II. Poverty Law in General

Since the 1990s, less scholarly work has been published on poverty law than in previous decades. Nevertheless, poverty law remains an important focus for many scholars and publishers, and interest in the subject will likely continue to grow due to new academic programs, institutional initiatives, and evolving socioeconomic conditions. Today, the Internet provides access to a great deal of current information relevant to poverty law research that would have in the past been put into print by governments, organizations, and individual authors.

The following resources are especially helpful for researchers seeking an overview of poverty law. They include materials that deal with many or several of the main aspects of poverty law, or discuss the broader topic of poverty as it relates to legal, political, and societal institutions in the United States.

A. Books & Treatises

• Justice for All?: The Rich and Poor in Supreme Court History 1790-1990, Russell Galloway, KF8742 .G26 1991. Discusses the U.S. Supreme Court's treatment of the rich and poor in cases involving business regulation, welfare benefits, indigent criminal defendants, racial discrimination, and economic issues.
• The Rights of the Poor: The Authoritative ACLU Guide to Poor People's Rights, Helen Hershkoff & Stephen Loffredo, KF3720.Z9 H47 1997. Uses question-and-answer format to explain how federal and state law can be used to procure and improve basic services such as income support, food assistance, health services, housing, and education.
• Cases and Materials on Poverty Law: Theory and Practice, Julie A. Nice & Louise G. Trubek, KF390.5.P6 N52 1997. The first poverty law case book written since 1976, and therefore a good general source of information on the study of poverty law. The 1999 supplement was published to address welfare reform legislation passed in 1996.

To find additional books, journals, and electronic resources at the Georgetown Law Library, use the following terms (Library of Congress subject headings) associated with poverty law to conduct Subject searches in the GULLiver catalog (http://gull.georgetown.edu). Tutorial

• Economic Assistance, Domestic
• Food Relief
• Food Stamps
• Homeless Children
• Homeless Persons
• Homeless Veterans
• Homelessness
• Legal Aid
• Legal Assistance to the Poor
• Legal Services Corporation
• Low Income
• Poor
• Poor Laws
• Poverty
• Poverty Law
• Public Defenders
• Public Welfare
• Social Security
• United States--Social Policy
• Welfare Recipients

B. Journals

Journals listed in this guide include those that often publish articles on poverty and poverty law topics. However, a search for journal articles should begin with a search of journal indexes, which allow you to locate publications and articles by topic:

• Index to Legal Periodicals and Books Tutorial
• LegalTrac Tutorial
• PolicyFile Useful in searching for papers and reports on poverty-related topics published by think-tanks and academic institutions.
• PAIS International Index of publications from 1972 to the present in the fields of economics, political science, public policy, business, finance, law, international trade and relations, public administration, and government.

Also see the Law Library's research guide on Using Articles for Legal and Non-Legal Research for detailed information on research using legal and non-legal periodicals.

• Clearinghouse Review, K3.L28 and online. Published by the Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law. Contains reports of important cases litigated by legal aid advocates, plus articles on a wide range of civil rights, family law, disability, domestic violence, housing, elder law, employment, health, and welfare reform issues.
• Fordham Urban Law Journal, K6.O73 and online. Focuses on policy issues affecting urban areas.
• Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy, K7 .E495 and online (continues Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty, K7 .E495 and online). The preeminent law journal on poverty issues.
• Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal, K8 .A884 and online. Publishes scholarship that addresses disparities in the legal system as regards race, poverty, and economic disadvantage.
• Loyola Journal of Public Interest Law, K12 .O8665 and online (continues Loyola Poverty Law Journal). Devoted to issues facing the poor, children, and the elderly.
• Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, online.
• Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, K26 .I727 and online.
• Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law, K27 .A84 and online (continues Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law and Urban Law Annual). Examines law and public policy in relation to interdisciplinary and multicultural perspectives, technology, and globalization. Each volume contains articles related to a specific theme, e.g., "Access to Justice."
• Poverty and Race, K16 .O9 and online. Newsletter of the Poverty and Race Research Action Council. Contains recent reports published in different subject areas, including Poverty/Welfare, Education, and Families/Women/Children.

Journals and law reviews at the Law Library are located as follows:

• In print: Williams 1st floor and Wolff upper level (most recent year at Circulation Desks)
• Microform: Media Services, Williams 1st floor
• Online: Search by journal title on GULLiver; catalog records contain links to journals in electronic format when available

C. Journal Articles

The following articles provide a survey of general information on poverty law, its research, and relevant educational aspects:

• Lillian Salinger, Poverty Law: What Is It?, 12 Legal Reference Serv. Q. 5 (1992), K12 .E357. A pathfinder and annotated bibliography for poverty law research.
• Edgar S. Cahn, Reinventing Poverty Law, 103 Yale L. J. 2133 (1994), K29 .A4 and online (HeinOnline, Westlaw, Lexis).
• Juliet M. Brodie, Post-Welfare Lawyering: Clinical Legal Education and a New Poverty Law Agenda, 20 Wash. U. J.L. & Pol'y 201 (2006), K27 .A84 and online (HeinOnline, Westlaw, Lexis).
  

D. Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Poverty Research Guide, Pollack Library, California State University, Fullerton.
• Research Resources for the Social Sciences, Craig McKie, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario; from Using the Web for Social Research published by McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
• Social Sciences Library and Information Services Research Guides, Yale University Library.
• Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Guide, Georgetown Law Library.

E. Organizations, Agencies & Programs

The following organizations focus their missions on legal issues concerning the financially underprivileged. Contact information can be found on the organizations' websites, linked below.

• Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP). National non-profit organization involved in law and policy affecting the poor. Website includes a searchable database of resources and publications on welfare reform developments, analyses of recent legislation, and much more on poverty-related issues.
• Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law. Non-profit organization engaged in legal and policy research. Site includes full issues of Clearinghouse Review back to 1990, a Poverty Law library, Poverty Law News, and a case database that can be searched or browsed by subject area.
• National Center for Law and Economic Justice. Recent case developments, articles and links to poverty law topics.
• National Equal Justice Library. "The nation’s first institution established to commemorate the legal profession’s history of providing counsel to those unable to afford it." Located within Georgetown's Williams Law Library building and open to the public by appointment.
• National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty. Organization that seeks to serve as the legal arm of the national movement to prevent and end homelessness, addressing the problem within the larger context of poverty.
• Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Nonprofit civil rights organization based in Montgomery, Alabama but with national scope and impact; "dedicated to fighting hate and bigotry, and to seeking justice for the most vulnerable members of society."
  

Unlike those listed above, the following organizations do not deal specifically with legal issues facing the poor, but rather with poverty more generally.

• Brookings Institution. Performs independent analysis of scholarship and public policy. Some coverage of many poverty-related topics, including a welfare reform research project.
• Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Organization that conducts research on a broad range of government policies and programs affecting low to moderate income people. Reports and topics include poverty and income distribution, federal and state welfare, health policies, food assistance, social security and housing.
• Coalition on Human Needs (CHN). Addresses national policy issues related to low-income and other vulnerable populations. Articles, reports, legislative analyses, and data. Topics can be browsed or searched.
• The Heritage Foundation. Research institute that formulates and promotes conservative public policies. Reports and data available on a number of issues, including welfare/welfare reform, education, families, and poverty.
• Joblessness and Urban Poverty Research Program, Harvard University and the National Institute for Social Science Information. Includes a substantial online library.
• Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University and University of Chicago. Working papers, a newsletter, policy briefs, research summaries and online books and reports. Very comprehensive links page to sources for statistics, policy and research centers, and welfare reform.
• Institute on Race and Poverty, University of Minnesota Law School. Current events, newsletters and news articles.
• Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin.
• Poverty & Race Research Action Council (PRRAC). Articles, citations to studies, and resource links on different poverty topics.
• RAND Corporation. Nonprofit corporation that performs research and analysis on policy issues. Website includes reports on research areas such as child policy, education, health and social welfare.
• Urban Institute. Extensive collection of reports, publications, and data on social research topics, including Assessing the New Federalism, a multi-year project designed to analyze the devolution of responsibility of social programs from the federal government to the states.

F. Statistics & Measurements

• The Green Book: Background Material and Data on Major Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means, JK1430.W35 U585 and online. Standard reference resource for U.S. social policy information. Program descriptions and historical data on social and economic topics including Social Security, employment, earnings, welfare, child support, health insurance, the elderly, families with children, poverty and taxation. Published every one to two years.
• Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health. Comprehensive collection of data sources for poverty topics.
• The Development and History of the Poverty Thresholds, Social Security Administration. History of the U.S. government definition and measurement of poverty.
• Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Survey of a representative sample of U.S. individuals and families. Includes raw data, as well as working papers and dissertations on poverty and poverty-related topics that are based on the data.
• Explore GovDocs, Government Documents Center, University of Michigan. An extensive, searchable collection of statistical information from federal government publications, on many topics including poverty.
• U.S. Census Bureau. (The library at Cal State Fullerton has created good online research guides on the 2000 census and 2010 census.)
  • Poverty
  • Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau.
  • Statistical Abstract of the United States, HA 202 .A225 and online. Annual official publication that is often the easiest and best place to start national-level research on demographical statistics. Provides extensive tables of information, as well as citations to the agencies that produce and compile the statistics. There is a detailed index in the back of the book that helps locate tables efficiently.

III. Selected Poverty Law Topics

A. Family Law

Books & Treatises

• Family Law and Practice, KF505 .F34 1985. Well-known multivolume treatise in looseleaf format.
• The Family Law Reporter, KF503.4.B8 and online. Looseleaf service with highlights on court decisions, legislative action, reports and proposals, and U.S. Supreme Court proceedings.
• Family Law in a Nutshell, Harry D. Krause, KF505.Z9 K7 2007.

Journals & Journal Articles

Also see information above on using journal indexes and locating journals in print and online.

• American Journal of Family Law, K1 .M439 and online.
• Brandeis Journal of Family Law, K2 .R14 and online (continues University of Louisville Journal of Family Law (1992-97) and Journal of Family Law (1961-92); became Brandeis Law Journal in 1998-99).
• Family Advocate, K6 .A24 and online. Published by American Bar Association, Section of Family Law. Contains practical how-to articles and advice on handling family law cases.
• Family Law Quarterly, K6.A3. Published by American Bar Association, Section of Family Law. Scholarly journal on important and emerging family law issues. Abstracts available online (Spring 1996 - ).
• Journal of Law and Family Studies, K10 .O5122 and online. Edited at the University of Utah College of Law.

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Family & Elder Law, Hieros Gamos.
• Research Guide: Family and Child Welfare, Social Work Library, Howard University.
• Section of Family Law, American Bar Association. Also see the links to ABA entities that have news, reports, publications and links on family law topics.
  • Tables Summarizing Family Law in All 50 States (updated annually).
• Westlaw, All Databases > Topical Materials by Area of Practice > Family Law

Programs & Organizations

• Children's Defense Fund. Papers, articles, and data about child and family poverty.
• National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University. Includes papers, articles, and data.

Statistics & Measurements

Also see Statistics & Measurements above, in the "Poverty Law in General" section.

• Children's Defense Fund Data Site. National and state data on child poverty.
• Childstats.gov. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics.
• Families, University of Michigan Documents Center. Includes information on non-traditional family matters such as economic difficulties.
• Families and Living Arrangements, U.S. Census Bureau.

B. Global Poverty Law

Books & Treatises

In recent years, there have been many more works on global poverty law than on poverty law specifically in the United States. This is small sampling.

• Else Øyen et al., Poverty: A Global Review: Handbook on International Poverty Research, HC79.P6 P6814 1996.
• Poverty and the Law, HC79.6 .P68 2001.

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Comparative Research Programme on Poverty (CROP), International Social Science Council. Reports and newsletters on global poverty topics.
• Poverty Vision. Portal to global information on poverty. Includes "The Poverty World Times," a daily newspaper that covers poverty topics.
• World Bank.
  • PovertyNet. Comprehensive resource on global poverty issues, including a newsletter, poverty data, and a library.
  • Urban Poverty. Section of the Urban Development subject area.

Statistics & Measurements

Also see Statistics & Measurements above, in the "Poverty Law in General" section.

• Data on Poverty, World Bank.
• Development Gateway Data/Statistics. Site developed by the World Bank that includes national and international organizations that offer data -- or information about data -- on their sites.
• Poverty Worldwide, University of Michigan Documents Center.
  

C. Government Benefits Law (Welfare, Welfare Reform, Food Assistance)

Journals & Journal Articles
(see information on journal indexes above)
Print: 1980-present on 3rd floor; before 1980 in compact shelving on 1st floor; most recent at Circulation Desk
Microform: Media Services, 3rd floor
Online: Check individual journal titles on GULLiver

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Government Benefits, FindLaw.
• Lexis Area of Law - By Topic > Public Health & Welfare.
• Public Benefits, Health and Human Services, Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. Includes references to federal statutes, cases and agencies.
  • Food Stamps
  • Health
  • Medicaid
  • Medicare
  • Mental Health
  • Social Security
  • Welfare Law
• Social Service & Welfare, Hieros Gamos. "United States" section is good resource for U.S. laws and agencies relating to social services.
• Welfare Reform Research Guide, Cal State Fullerton Pollak Library.
• Welfare Reform Research Guide, University of Wisconsin College Library.
• Westlaw Topical Material by Area of Practice, "Government Benefits."

Programs & Organizations

• Administration for Children and Families. Federal agency responsible for programs that promote the economic and social well-being of families, children, individuals, and communities.
  • Data and Statistics
  • Legislation and Regulations
  • Welfare Reform, including links to individual state information.
• American Public Human Services Association (APHSA). Formerly American Public Welfare Association. Website includes text of congressional testimony and policy statements on public benefits topics. The organization publishes the Policy & Practice of Public Human Services periodical (available on Westlaw as Public Welfare (PBWF database)).
• Center on Hunger and Poverty, Brandeis University. National and state data, publications, and research.
• Food Research and Action Center (FRAC). Current news, analyses, reports, and programs.
• GovBenefits.gov, Information and eligibility information on more than 1,000 Federal and State administered benefit and assistance programs, including food/nutrition, education, housing, disaster assistance, unemployment/job training, healthcare, small business, and more.
• U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • The Food Assistance Landscape. Periodical includes food assistance program statistics, related economic and social indicators, and recent research.
  • Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs
  • Food Security in the United States.
  • A Healthy, Well-Nourished Population. Data, publications, research, and briefings on food assistance topics.
• Economic Success Clearinghouse. Clearinghouse for information, policy analysis, technical assistance on welfare reform, and data.

Statistics & Measurements
(also see "Statistics" under "General Poverty Research")

• Food Security in the United States, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
• Food Stamps, University of Michigan Documents Center.
• Welfare Reform, U.S. Census Bureau.

D. Homelessness Law

Books & Treatises

• Legal Remedies to Address Discrimination Against People Who Are Homeless and Have Mental Illness, Cynthia A. Beatty, KF3742.B43 1996.
• Homelessness: A Sourcebook, Rick Fantasia, HV4505 .F36 1994.
• Defending the Right to a Home: The Power of Anti-Poverty Lawyers, Beth Ellen Harris, KF3742 .H37 2004
• No Homeless People Allowed: A Report on Anti-Homeless Laws, Litigation and Alternatives in 49 United States Cities, Rich Herz, KF5730.Z95 H47 1994.
• Lawyers Working to End Homelessness, ABA Commission on Homelessness & Poverty, KF336 .L393 2006.
• American Homelessness: A Reference Handbook, Mary Ellen Hombs, HV4505 .H647 1994.
• Contextualizing Homelessness: Critical Theory, Homelessness, and Federal Policy Addressing the Homeless, Ken Kyle, HV4505 .K95 2005.
• The Civil Rights of Homeless People: Law, Social Policy, and Social Work Practice, Madeleine R. Stoner, KF3742 .S76 1995.

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Research Guide on Homelessness, Pollack Library, California State University, Fullerton.

Programs & Organizations

• American Bar Association Commission on Homelessness & Poverty.
• Federal Government Information
  • Department of Health and Human Services
  • Department of Housing and Urban Development
  • Department of Veterans Affairs
  • Interagency Council on Homelessness
• National Alliance to End Homelessness.
  • Detailed Statistics of Homelessness
  • Policy and Legislation
• National Coalition for the Homeless. Factsheets, legislation and policy information, and directory links to other homeless organizations.
• National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty. Newsletter, reports and publications (many available to members only), and advisories on homelessness issues.

Statistics & Measurements

Also see Statistics & Measurements above, in the "Poverty Law in General" section.

• Homeless, University of Michigan Documents Center
• Facts About Homeless Children, ABA Steering Committee on the Unmet Legal Needs of Children, The Catalyst, Winter 2002 at 3.
  

E. Housing Law

Books & Treatises

• Compilation of Basic Laws on Housing and Community Development within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Financial Services: Revised through December 31, 2002 (end of the 107th Congress), KF5724 2003. Texts of the primary housing and community development laws within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, as well as additional laws and materials of particular interest to members of the committee in considering legislation relating to housing and community development.
• Housing & Development Reporter, KF5726.5. Looseleaf updated weekly with news reports and analyses; text of pertinent regulations, legislation, and agency guidelines; congressional and federal agency actions and selected court decisions; trend reports and case studies.

Journals & Journal Articles

Also see information above on using journal indexes and locating journals in print and online.

• ABA Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law, K1 .B3. Published quarterly. "Serves as a clearinghouse of information on programs related to affordable housing and community development law and provides training programs for lawyers and concerned laypersons." (As described on the ABA website.)
• Housing Law Bulletin, KF5722 .N373 and online (2000- ). Information and analysis of federal legislation, regulations, program developments and significant recent cases.
• Housing Policy Debate. Quarterly journal on broad range of housing and community development issues.
• Journal of Housing Research. Peer-reviewed articles on theoretical and empirical research on housing and residential mortgage finance. Topics include the economics of housing markets, home mortgage finance, international housing finance, and housing policy.

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Fair Housing Legal Research, National Fair Housing Advocate Online.

Programs & Organizations

• Fannie Mae Foundation
• Joint Center for Housing Studies. Harvard University's center for information and research on housing in the United States. Analyzes the dynamic relationships between housing markets and economic, demographic, and social trends. Reports, papers, and conference proceedings (1995- ) are mostly online beginning in 1999.
• National Housing Law Project. Engaged in public policy advocacy, litigation assistance, training, and research and writing, focusing on issues that have the greatest impact on the housing rights of the poor.
• National Low Income Housing Coalition. Comprehensive links, publications, and a Memo to Members newsletter with good current awareness sections on Capitol Hill and HUD.
• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
  • Legal Information (opinions, decisions, regulations, etc.)
  • Policy Development and Research Information Service

Statistics & Measurements

Also see Statistics & Measurements above, in the "Poverty Law in General" section.

• Demographics and Housing, University of Michigan Documents Center.
• Housing, U.S. Census Bureau.

F. Legal Assistance to the Poor

Books & Treatises

• Hidden Agendas: What is Really Behind Attacks on Legal Aid Lawyers?, Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law, KF336 .H53 2001 and online. Provides a good overview and history of legal aid, plus recent professional and political issues facing legal aid attorneys.
• Federal Practice Manual for Legal Aid Attorneys, KF336 .F43 2004 and online from the Shriver Center.

Journals & Journal Articles

Also see information above on using journal indexes and locating journals in print and online.

• Dialogue Magazine, KF336 .D53 and online (Summer 1998- ). Magazine of the ABA Division for Legal Services. Topical information on the delivery of legal services to low and moderate-income people.

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Legal Aid and Legal Services Resources, FindLaw.
• Legal Services, Law Library of Congress.

Programs & Organizations

• ABA Division of Legal Services. News items, reports, directories and publications on Legal Aid, the Legal Services Corporation and other access to justice areas. Also useful are links to the Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defendants and the Standing Committee on Pro Bono & Public Service.
• Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law . Papers, articles, briefs, and news on the poverty issues of access to justice in civil cases and economic justice, as well as criminal justice and democracy. Provides a Legal Services E-lert listserv for current awareness.
• LawHelp.org. Helps low and moderate income people find free legal aid programs in their communities, and answers to questions about their legal rights.
• Legal Services Corporation. Private, non-profit corporation established by Congress to seek to ensure equal access to justice under the law for all Americans by providing civil legal assistance to those who otherwise would be unable to afford it.
• National Legal Aid and Defender Association. Advocates for attorneys who seek equal justice in both criminal and civil law matters.

G. Social Security Law

Books & Treatises

• Social Security Handbook, U.S. Social Security Administration, HD7123 .A214 and online. Basic guide to Social Security programs, published by the federal government.
• Social Security Law and Practice, John A. Glenn et al. ed., KF3646.5 .S6423 1987. Regularly updated looseleaf treatise. Presents controlling cases and relevant statutory provisions, regulations, rulings, and agency manuals.
• Unemployment Insurance Reporter, KF3673.4 .C6. Looseleaf (last updated 2002). Covers unemployment insurance, Social Security, supplemental insurance income and disability issues.

Journals & Journal Articles

Also see information above on using journal indexes and locating journals in print and online.

• Benefits Quarterly, K2 .E62. Comprehensive coverage of the latest trends and innovations in benefits and compensation.
• Social Security Bulletin, HD7123 .S56 (1999- ). Articles on the OASDI and SSI programs, the income of the aged, private pension coverage, the poverty status of various groups (such as women and children), and other timely subjects.

Research Guides & Web Resource Guides

• Legal Information Institute (LII), Cornell Law School
  • Social Security Law
  • Social Security Library
• Social Security, The Washington Post. Collection of articles, polls, and other current event information about Social Security. Includes an overview and Q & A Primer.
• Social Security, Time Magazine. Collection of its articles covering Social Security issues. Full text beginning in 1934.

Programs & Organizations

• Social Security Administration Online.
  • Program Rules. Laws, regulations, Commissioner rulings, and proposed legislation and regulations.
  • Legislative History of the Social Security Act.
  • Representing Social Security Claimants. Hearings and Appeals information.

Statistics & Measurements

Also see Statistics & Measurements above, in the "Poverty Law in General" section.

• Social Security, University of Michigan Government Documents Center.

 

References: † Lillian Salinger, Poverty Law: What Is It?, 12 Legal Ref. Serv. Q. 5 (1992).

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